This block focuses on video quality, measurement, and the future of compression. Readers learn how objective quality metrics such as PSNR, SSIM, MS-SSIM, and VMAF work, where they are useful, and where they can be misleading. The block also explains subjective testing methods and why human perception still matters when evaluating encoded video. The second part of the block explores how AI and machine learning are changing video encoding: smarter mode decisions, content-aware optimization, super-resolution, denoising, frame interpolation, and neural codecs. It also looks at future codec development, including AV2 and learned compression, helping readers understand where video technology is heading and what may matter for products in the next few years.